Abstract:
This study came to find out the reality of sustainable development in Karbala governorate and to shed light on the environmental and economic aspects related to agriculture, and to know the extent of progress made in the sustainable development goals compared to 2015 (the year of setting goals) for the purpose of knowing whether it is possible to achieve all of these goals in the year 2030 (the target year), as these goals were measured through their indicators set by the United Nations, as well as the researcher’s future prediction through statistical equations.
In addition, the study examined all the natural and human factors that affected the developmental aspect in the governorate, in addition to monitoring changes in the environmental and agricultural aspects through the use of satellite visuals based on the American satellite (Landsat9, 8,7) and the adoption of (ENVI) and (ARC GIS) programs ) in analyzing and classifying the visuals and calculating the areas of land cover (environmental and agricultural) in different years (2002, 2015, 2022) and knowing the change in these aspects as well as adopting statistical equations to measure regression and adopting the latter in knowing the future prediction of the aspects in question The main problem posed by the researcher is to ask about the indicators of sustainable agricultural and environmental development in the Karbala governorate, and whether it is possible to achieve all the goals of sustainable development, or if there are obstacles that prevent it.
The study aimed to analyze the reality of the agricultural and environmental sectors in the study area and identify and address the most important obstacles and challenges facing this vital sector. In addition to highlighting the role of advanced-level sustainable development goals for the entire world, if one of the countries or cities achieves them, it is on the verge of shedding the Third World robe and joining the ranks of advanced countries in terms of social, economic, and environmental development.
The most important finding of the study is that there are a set of challenges that impede the process of progress in achieving the sustainable development goals in the Karbala governorate, including population growth as a result of the population growth rate as well as immigration, so this population growth represents a serious challenge in the face of the progress made. The results became a clear reality, and in addition, the researcher concluded that the types of cover (environmental and agricultural) cause some of them to increase and others to decrease; for example, urban agricultural areas and waterlogged or saline lands experienced an increase, while water areas and barren areas experienced a decrease.
