{"id":77481,"date":"2025-03-22T03:42:08","date_gmt":"2025-03-22T00:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?page_id=77481"},"modified":"2025-03-22T03:42:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T00:42:40","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914 \u2013 1918)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914 \u2013 1918)<\/strong><\/p>

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0641:<\/span><\/p>

  • \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (1881)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

    \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881. \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1878.<\/span><\/p>

    • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (1879)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

      \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1879\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627.<\/span><\/p>

      • \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a (1882)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

        \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1882\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>

        \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/p>

        • \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (1887)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

          \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1890.<\/span><\/p>

          • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (1891)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

            \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1891\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627.<\/span><\/p>

            • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1900)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

              \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b.<\/span><\/p>

              • \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a (1904) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a (1907)<\/b><\/li><\/ul>

                \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1904\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634.<\/span><\/p>

                \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1907\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630: \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>

                \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1914.<\/span><\/p>

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 :<\/b><\/p>

                1 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u00a0 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1914-1945 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c 1983 .<\/span><\/p>

                2-\u00a0 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u00a0 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2000\u00a0 .<\/span><\/h5>

                3- \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c 2020\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914 \u2013 1918) \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_825525590848773":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-77481","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"featured_image_src":null,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77481"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77485,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77481\/revisions\/77485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}