{"id":10428,"date":"2018-04-03T10:15:48","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T10:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/?p=10428"},"modified":"2018-04-03T10:15:48","modified_gmt":"2018-04-03T10:15:48","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%ab-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-4-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/2018\/04\/03\/%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%ab-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-4-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 4\/3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span id=\"\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"1042\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1042\">1042<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81\">\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0643\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7\">\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1077\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1077\">1077<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1512\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1512\">1512<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u00a0<a title=\"\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1559\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1559\">1559<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648- \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1834\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1834\">1834<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1865\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1865\">1865<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<a title=\"\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1885\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1885\">1885<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u00a0<a title=\"\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B1\">\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1935\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1935\">1935<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0641\u0637\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1941\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1941\">1941<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A\">\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1949\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1949\">1949<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0633 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9)\">\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1970\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1970\">1970<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u0623\u0633\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0643\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 1970\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_1970\">\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1973\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973\">1973<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0648.\u0645.\u0623\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88.%D9%85.%D8%A3\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u0631\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1991\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991\">1991<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u0642\u0645 687 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"6 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84\">6 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1996\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1996\">1996<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062a\u064a-43\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%AA%D9%8A-43\">\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062a\u064a-43<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2007\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007\">2007<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a title=\"\u0642\u0637\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1\">\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2010\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010\">2010<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C_2010\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2011\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011\">2011<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u00a0<a title=\"\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF\">\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2016\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016\">2016<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7\">\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"2017\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017\">2017<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a 2017\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA_2017\">\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 14 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 64 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.8A.D8.AF\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"rellink\">\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"1881\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1881\">1881<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062f\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1900\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1900\">1900<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86\">\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u00a0<a title=\"\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1922\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1922\">1922<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1924\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1924\">1924<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1925\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1925\">1925<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1930\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1930\">1930<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0647\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0647\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1949\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1949\">1949<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0634\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4\">\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0634<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1\">\u0647\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1958\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1958\">1958<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1960\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1960\">1960<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3\">\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1961\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1961\">1961<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A\">\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1978\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1978\">1978<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B3\">\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0633<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1980\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1980\">1980<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF\">\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA\">\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1983\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1983\">1983<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631 (\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85)\">\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1986\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1986\">1986<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0632\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2\">\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0632<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u063a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7\">\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u063a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1987\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1987\">1987<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0632\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88\">\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0632\u0648<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3\">\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"1988\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1988\">1988<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84\">\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u00a0<a title=\"\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85\">\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7\">\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 1042\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0643\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627. 1077\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. 1512\u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. 1559\u00a0&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0648- \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. 1834\u00a0&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":10305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_825525590848773":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1","category-145"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/1-6.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639","author_link":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/author\/admin313\/"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/1-6.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10428"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10429,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10428\/revisions\/10429"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohe.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}